爱抠鼻容易痴呆？原来抠鼻不叫dig nose...

译介 2023-06-20

收录于合集 #双语精选 46个

你平时喜欢抠鼻吗？

平日经常在网上看到抠鼻会增加患鼻炎、感染等风险。近日有科研人员通过实验证实，抠鼻还可能增加痴呆的风险。

我们一起看文章吧！

Picking your nose may raise the risk of DEMENTIA, study suggests

研究表明，抠鼻孔或增加痴呆风险

Damaging the inside of the nostrils creates a shortcut for bacteria to seep into the blood and travel directly to the brain.

鼻孔内部的损伤为细菌创造了渗入血液并直接进入大脑的捷径。

Researchers looked at what happens when the nerve that connects the nose to the brain is exposed to Chlamydia pneumoniae, a normally harmless bug that causes sinus issues.

研究人员想了解，当连接鼻孔和大脑的神经接触肺炎衣原体时会发生什么。肺炎衣原体通常是一种无害细菌，但会导致鼻窦问题。

The study — on mice — found detectable levels of the bacteria in the brain within 72 hours. Within a month, the rodents developed clumps of a protein plaque linked to Alzheimer's.

这项针对小鼠的研究发现，在72小时内就可在大脑中检测到细菌。在一个月内，这些小鼠形成了与阿尔茨海默病有关的蛋白斑块。

Lead study author Professor James St John, from Griffith University in Australia, said: 'We're the first to show that Chlamydia pneumoniae can go directly up the nose and into the brain where it can set off pathologies that look like Alzheimer's disease.

该研究的主要作者、澳大利亚格里菲斯大学（Griffith University）的詹姆斯·圣约翰（James St John）教授说：“我们首次证明了肺炎衣原体可以直接进入鼻子和大脑，在那里它可以引发与阿尔茨海默病相同的病理反应。”

'We saw this happen in a mouse model, and the evidence is potentially scary for humans as well.'

“我们在小鼠样本中看到了这种情况，这一证据表明对人类也有潜在威胁。”

More than 6 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer's, with 73 per cent of people suffering from the disease being over 75.

超过600万美国人患有阿尔茨海默病，其中73%的患者年龄超过75岁。

In the UK, over 900,000 people have a confirmed case of dementia - of which Alzheimer's is the leading cause.

在英国，超过90万人确诊患有痴呆，其中主要病因是阿尔茨海默病。

The causes of Alzheimer's are still unknown, but obesity, a poor diet, loneliness and a lack of sleep are all among the many lifestyle factors tied to the disease.

阿尔茨海默病的病因尚不清楚，但肥胖、不良饮食、孤独和睡眠不足等众多生活方式都与该疾病的发生有关。

The team at Griffith University exposed the rodents to Chlamydia pneumoniae through their olfactory canal.

格里菲斯大学的研究小组让小鼠通过鼻道接触肺炎衣原体。

This is the pathway between the brain and the nose - and the fastest way for an invader from outside body to get into the central nervous system.

这是一条连接大脑和鼻子的通道，也是外来入侵者进入中枢神经系统的最快途径。

Highly deadly brain eating amoeba, among other dangerous bacteria, also enter the body and cause harm through this pathway.

除其他危险的细菌外，致命的食脑阿米巴原虫也会通过这一途径进入人体并造成伤害。

Mice were chosen for the research because their olfactory system functions and is structured similarly to that of humans.

选择小鼠进行研究是因为它们的嗅觉系统功能和结构与人类相似。

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common bacteria that causes pneumonia, sore throats, ear infectious, sinusitis and other sinus related issues when a person is infected.

肺炎衣原体是一种常见的细菌，当一个人被感染时，会引起肺炎、喉咙痛、耳部感染、鼻窦炎和其他与鼻窦相关的问题。

It can spread through respiratory droplets and travel from host-to-host through the air.

它可以通过呼吸道飞沫传播，并通过空气在宿主之间传播。

The body has some built in mechanisms to prevent the bacteria from entering the brain, though, like hairs and mucus in the nose that serve as a natural barrier.

然而，人体有一些内置机制来防止细菌入侵大脑，比如鼻毛和鼻粘液，它们起到了天然的屏障作用。

When a person is picking their nose they remove some of those natural defenses.

人在抠鼻孔时是在去除这些天然的防御。

Professor St John, co-author of the study and head of the school's Center for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, added:

该研究的共同作者、格里菲斯大学神经生物学和干细胞研究中心主任圣约翰教授补充道：

'Picking your nose and plucking the hairs from your nose are not a good idea,'

“抠鼻孔和拔鼻毛不是一个好主意。”

'We don't want to damage the inside of our nose and picking and plucking can do that.

“我们不想损伤鼻子内部，但抠鼻子和拔鼻毛却会造成这一损伤。”。

'If you damage the lining of the nose, you can increase how many bacteria can go up into your brain.'

“如果你的鼻腔内膜受损，进入大脑的细菌数量将会增多。”

The results were published in the journal Scientific Reports.

这项研究结果发表在《科学报告》杂志上。

In the study, mice who had the bacteria implanted into their olfactory nerves had their brains infected within 72 hours.

在这项研究中，研究人员将细菌植入小鼠的嗅觉神经，小鼠在72小时内发生感染。

This means the bacteria was able to cross the 'blood brain barrier' - the final immune defense for the body's central nervous system.

这意味着细菌能够穿过“血脑屏障”——人体中枢神经系统的最后一道免疫防御屏障。

Infected mice also showed damage to their brain's neural pathways that could affect their cognitive function, along with early development of Alzheimer's within 28 days.

受感染的小鼠还表现出大脑神经通路受损，这可能会影响其认知功能，并在28天内出现阿尔茨海默病的早期症状。

The formulation of amyloid beta plaques were detected on the brains of the mice as well.

在小鼠的大脑中也检测到β-淀粉样蛋白斑块的形成。

It is believed that the bacteria triggers the toxins to form on the brain.

有观点认为，细菌会让大脑产生毒素。

One of the leading theories on the development of Alzheimer's is tied to the development of this plaque.

阿尔茨海默病病情发展的主要相关理论之一与这种斑块的发展有关。

The clumps block and disrupt communication between neurons and other cell functions.

这些斑块会阻断和破坏神经元和其他细胞功能之间的交流。

Scientists around the world have not been able to prove that these plaques are at the center of the disease's formation.

世界各地的科学家都无法证明这些斑块就是阿尔茨海默病的主要病因。

A key 2006 University of Minnesota study tying the plaques to Alzheimer's was also retracted over summer after it was revealed the results were doctored.

美国明尼苏达大学（University of Minnesota）2006 年的一项关键研究将β-淀粉样蛋白斑块与阿尔茨海默病联系起来，但因被发现研究结果造假，在今夏被撤回。

Still, Griffith University researchers are hopeful that they have found a potential source for how the perplexing condition forms.

尽管如此，格里菲斯大学的研究人员仍然希望他们已经找到复杂的阿尔茨海默病的潜在病因。

They also may have discovered that the nose's inherent defense systems are more valuable to the brain than previously believed.

他们还可能发现，鼻子固有的防御系统对大脑的价值比以前认为的要高。

Professor St John said his team 'need to do this study in humans and confirm whether the same pathway operates in the same way.

圣约翰教授说，他的团队需要在人类身上进行这项研究，并确认细菌是否以相同的途径和方式进入大脑。

'It's research that has been proposed by many people, but not yet completed. What we do know is that these same bacteria are present in humans, but we haven't worked out how they get there.'

“有许多人提到过这个研究，但都尚未完成。就我们所知，人体中也有相同的细菌，但我们还没有弄清楚它们是如何进入人体的。”

The Alzheimer's Association reports that the 6 million Americans living with Alzheimer's is expected to double to 13 million by 2050.

美国非营利组织阿尔茨海默病协会报告称，到 2050 年，患有阿尔茨海默病的美国人数量预计将翻一番，从600万人增至 1300 万。

One-in-three seniors will die of Alzheimer's.

三分之一的老年人会死于老年痴呆症。

今日词汇

dementia / dɪˈmenʃə / n. 痴呆

nostril / ˈnɒstrəl / n. 鼻孔

Chlamydia pneumoniae 肺炎衣原体

sinus / ˈsaɪnəs / n. [生物] 窦

rodent / ˈrəʊd(ə)nt / n. 啮齿目动物（如老鼠等）

protein plaque 蛋白质斑块