美加州新规禁售燃油车，马斯克“终结论”要应验了？

译介 2023-06-20

收录于合集 #双语精选 46个

今年，高温极端天气席卷全球多个地区，由此带来的干旱、农作物生产受限、电力供应不足、山火等问题，不禁让人担心，全球变暖是否会导致更多的极端天气灾害？

为了应对气候变化和有害污染，美国加州空气资源委员会出台了一项新规，将从2035年开始禁止销售新的燃油汽车。

这项新规具有什么意义？又会面临怎样的挑战呢？我们一起看文章。

California will ban sales of new gasoline-powered cars by 2035

美国加州将从2035年起全面禁售燃油新车

California air regulators voted Thursday on a historic plan to address climate change and harmful pollution by moving the nation's largest auto market away from the internal combustion engine.

美国加州空气资源委员会周四投票通过了一项历史性计划，旨在让加州这个美国最大汽车市场脱离燃油车，以此来应对气候变化和有害污染。

The regulation will phase out the sale of new gasoline-powered cars, trucks and SUVs in the nation's most-populous state, culminating in a total ban of new sales of the vehicles by 2035. The ban will not prevent people from using gas-powered vehicles or apply to the used car market, but California officials say it will dramatically cut the state's climate-warming emissions and famously dirty air by speeding the transition to electric vehicles.

根据规定，这个美国人口最多的州将逐步禁售新的燃油汽车、卡车和SUV，最终自2035年起全面禁售燃油新车。该禁令不会禁止人们使用燃油车，也不适用于二手车市场，但加州官员表示，此举加快了向电动汽车的过渡过程，将大幅减少该州温室气体排放，并改善其臭名昭著的空气污染状况。

"California now has a groundbreaking, world-leading plan to achieve 100% zero-emission vehicle sales by 2035," said the state's governor, Gavin Newsom. "It's ambitious, it's innovative, it's the action we must take if we're serious about leaving the planet better off for future generations."

加州州长加文·纽瑟姆(Gavin Newsom)说：“加州现在制定了一项具有开创性、世界领先的计划，到2035年实现100%的零排放汽车销售。此举雄心勃勃，富有创新。如果我们真心希望为后代留下更美好的地球，这是我们必须采取的行动。”

The regulation, which was approved by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) in a Thursday vote, could have massive repercussions for the country's auto-manufacturing industry and the broader fight against climate change.

加州空气资源委员会(CARB)在周四的投票中批准了这项规定，该规定可能对美国的汽车制造业和进一步应对气候变化产生巨大影响。

Transportation is the largest source of climate-warming greenhouse gas emissions in the country, and scientists have said in increasingly dire language that drastic cuts to those emissions are crucial to providing a livable future on the planet.

交通运输是美国温室气体最大的排放来源。科学家们的言论也越来越严峻，他们表示，大幅削减温室气体排放对于未来人类能够拥有宜居的地球来说至关重要。

President Joe Biden has set a goal of making half of the nation's new sales zero-emission by 2030. The recently enacted Inflation Reduction Act aims to move consumers that way by providing tax credits to people looking to buy new or used electric vehicles, but there are so many caveats — on everything from the buyers' income level to which models can qualify — that many electric vehicles may not be eligible for the benefit.

美国总统乔·拜登(Joe Biden)制定了一个目标，即到2030年，零排放汽车占美国新车销售的一半。最近颁布的《通胀削减法案》(Inflation Reduction Act)旨在通过向有意购买新电动汽车或二手电动汽车的消费者提供税收抵免，来推动他们的购买意愿。不过，也有一些限制条款，比如购车者的收入水平、哪些车型可以获得税收抵免资格等等，很多电动汽车可能没有资格获得这一福利。

Auto industry analysts say the unprecedented move by California could help push the auto market to achieving that goal. Thirteen other states, including Oregon, New York and Colorado, typically follow California's auto emissions standards, which are already the most stringent in the country. Washington Gov. Jay Inslee announced Wednesday that his state will set a similar goal of banning new gas-powered car sales by 2035.

汽车行业分析人士指出，加州这一史无前例的举措可能有助于推动汽车市场实现这一目标。其他包括俄勒冈州、纽约州和科罗拉多州在内的13个州一向遵循加州的汽车排放标准，该标准已经是全美最严格的标准。华盛顿州州长杰伊·英斯利(Jay Inslee)周三宣布，华盛顿州将制定一个类似“2035年全面禁售燃油新车”的目标。

"I think, for automakers, they will probably look at this and think this is kind of what they're going to target for most of the country," said Jessica Caldwell, the executive director of insight at the car data company Edmunds.

汽车数据公司Edmunds的行业洞察执行总监杰西卡·考德威尔(Jessica Caldwell)说：“我认为，对于汽车制造商来说，他们可能会考虑到这一点，并将此定为他们将针对全国大部分地区的目标。”

Auto makers want uniformity, Caldwell said. They don't want to be selling one type of car in one state and others in another. But the transition to electric vehicles, which have been on the market for decades, has been slow.

考德威尔说，汽车制造商想要统一的规定。他们不希望在一个州销售一种类型的汽车，而在另一个州销售其他类型的汽车。但是，汽车市场向电动汽车的过渡已经有几十年了，进程却一直很缓慢。

Electric vehicles account for just 5.6 percent of new-car sales between April and July, according to the latest quarterly report from Cox Automotive, an industry consulting firm. That was a record pace, the report noted, spurred by high gas prices, but supply issues remain.

根据行业咨询公司考克斯汽车公司(Cox Automotive)的最新季度报告，4月至7月，电动汽车仅占新车销售的5.6%。报告指出，由于受高油价的刺激，这已是一个创纪录的速度，但仍然存在供需问题。

Reaching 100 percent emission-free new vehicle sales by 2035 will be "extremely challenging," said John Bozzella, president and CEO of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, which represents large automakers.

大型汽车制造商代表汽车创新联盟总裁兼首席执行官约翰·博泽拉(John Bozzella)表示，到2035年达到100%的零排放新车销售将会“极具挑战”。

"Whether or not these requirements are realistic or achievable is directly linked to external factors like inflation, charging and fuel infrastructure, supply chains, labor, critical mineral availability and pricing, and the ongoing semiconductor shortage," he said in a statement. "These are complex, intertwined and global issues well beyond the control of either CARB or the auto industry."

他在一份声明中说：“这些规定是否现实可行，与通货膨胀、充电和燃料基础设施、供应链、劳动力、关键矿产供应及其价格以及持续的半导体短缺等外部因素直接相关。这些全球性问题复杂且相互影响，远远超出了CARB和汽车行业的控制范围。”

A nationwide shift to electric vehicles would have major health benefits beyond its impacts on global climate change. More than 4-in-10 Americans live with unhealthy air, according to the American Lung Association. And research finds that the negative effects are disproportionately borne by people of color, regardless of income.

在全国范围内向电动汽车转变，除了对全球气候变化产生影响外，还将给人们的健康带来很大的好处。根据美国肺脏协会的数据，超过四分之一的美国人生活在对身体有害的空气中。研究发现，无论收入如何，有色人种受到的不利影响更大。

A report by the American Lung Association earlier this year found that a nationwide shift to zero-emission vehicles by 2035, as California is seeking, would generate more than $1.2 trillion in public health benefits between 2020 and 2050 and avoid up to 110,000 premature deaths.

美国肺脏协会今年早些时候的一份报告发现，正如加州所寻求的那样，到2035年实现全国汽车零排放，将在2020年至2050年期间产生超过1.2万亿美元的公共健康福利，同时避免11万人过早死亡。

今日词汇

gasoline-powered cars 燃油车

climate change 气候变化

harmful pollution 有害污染

phase out 逐渐淘汰

a total ban of 全面禁止

culminate / ˈkʌlmɪneɪt / （+in/with）以……告终

the used car market 二手车市场

electric vehicles 电动汽车

zero-emission零排放

repercussion / ˌriːpəˈkʌʃn /