孔院微课堂 | 大雪纷飞落古今

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摄影｜吕文捷

dà

大

xuě

雪

Major Snow

伴随着气温的持续走低，我们迎来了大雪节气。明人王象晋在《群芳谱》中解释：“大雪，十一月节，言积寒凛冽，雪至此而大也”。

In early December comes the solar term Daxue (Major Snow), which heralds more freezing weather. As described in a 400-year-old Chinese farming book with literary quotations, Daxue is characterised by increasingly frigid air, bitterly cold wind and the arrival of heavy snow.

二十四节气中的中国文化之大雪

解说词

有趣的是，我国幅员辽阔，地理环境复杂，大雪节气期间，各地通常出现不同的天气景观，如湘鄂等地的冻雨；西北、东北地区的雾凇；江南地区的晨雾；当然免不了还有大范围的暴雪。

民间俗语中有“小雪腌菜，大雪腌肉”的说法。大雪节气一到，处于农闲时节的各家各户便开始忙着腌制过冬的美味，预备着进补。

四时的变幻与文学艺术创作往往相融。南唐画家徐熙的《雪竹图》，描绘了荒寒中傲然挺立的一丛雪竹，画中积雪不施白粉，纯用墨色留白渲染而成，尤为珍贵。画家使用不同层次的淡墨烘托出不同物体上的雪，留白的雪便也有了变化的律动之美。

不畏雪寒的不仅有竹子，还有孩子们。戴树良的作品《大雪》，就描绘了儿童在雪天堆雪人、打雪仗的欢快情景。正如画面中写的：“大雪天更寒，屋外赏雪真好玩”。

中国画《冬日里的阳光》 傅仲超

大雪的寒冷，更是凸显了阳光的珍贵，在傅仲超的《冬日里的阳光》中，融融的日光不仅温暖着画中雪白的大地，也透过画面，触动着我们的心灵。

在现存的古代雪景图画中，广为人知的还有宋徽宗赵佶名下的《雪江归棹图》。一位渔者独自驾着扁舟，面朝着苍莽的雪山。整幅画的笔触极为细秀，描绘的北方江岸雪景开阔疏朗，气韵雅润而苍古。今人钟蜀珩的《城市的雪》，作品以大面积的白和灰以及暗色调，营造出一种不断向画面外延伸的空旷美感，让人感受到了茫茫雪意。

《雪江归棹图》局部 宋徽宗

艺术家的创作，往往发乎性灵，他们用身体感知大雪节气带来的严寒与雨雪，我们在感叹自然节律的奥妙时，也更多了一份与古人同赏、今人同庆的快乐。

Chinese Culture in the 24 Solar Terms: Major Snow

Narratage

Interestingly, in China which covers a vast area with various geographical features, different regions display varied natural phenomena and sceneries during Daxue, including the freezing rain in Central China, the rime ice in Northern China, the morning mist in Eastern China, as well as the inevitable large-scale snowfalls.

摄影｜ＪＯＹ

As the saying goes, “Veg pickled in Xiaoxue (Minor Snow); meat preserved in Daxue (Major Snow)”. During the solar term Daxue when there’s no farming activities, people tend to get busy making various “cured” foods, to “cure” the winter blues.

The flowing seasons are usually captured in artistic creations. The 1000-year-old painting attributed to Xu Xi, depicts a cluster of bamboo standing upright in the cold winter snow. The snow was not painted with white powder, but rendered by deliberate blank, which is quite extraordinary. Light ink, in different concentrations, was used to bring out the snow on different objects, together with which the empty space of snow creates rhythm and consonance.

摄影｜吕文捷

In the snow, there are not only the upright bamboos, but also the playful children. In the painting by Dai Shuliang, children are happily building snowmen and having a snowball fight. Just as what’s written in the painting, “During Daxue gusts of cold wind blow; but it’s so fun to play with the snow.”

The freezing snow also accentuates the precious winter sunshine. In Fu Zhongchao's painting, the slow molten sunlight not only heats the snow-laden earth in the painting, but also suffuses us with a warming glow and inspiration.

Among the ancient paintings that capture snowy scenes, a renowned one was created by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty (960-1279), who was a famous painter and calligrapher. A fisherman is boating along the river surrounded by mountains after snow. With thin and powerful lines and fluent brushwork, the painting creates a dignified image, revealing the sophistication and charm of court painting in the early 12th century.

Also capturing a snowy scene, the contemporary painting by Zhong Shuheng depicts a snow-covered modern city. With large areas of white, grey and dark hues, the work creates a sense of beauty in the emptiness that extends out of the frame.

Chinese artists have always been inspired by the freezing cold and snow brought by the solar term Daxue (Major Snow), creating many works about the rhythmic cycle of the flowing seasons. Such artworks have been celebrated by both our ancestors and contemporaries, transcending time and space.

内容转自：光明日报&中国传媒大学

作者：万伊

美术编辑：杨立梦（实习）

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