孔院微课堂 | 惊蛰，有哪些含义？

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惊

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蛰

Awakening the Insects

“惊蛰”是中国二十四节气之一。惊蛰在大地回暖之际，昆虫睁开了眼睛、鼓起胸腔，张开了嘴巴，开始歌唱。

Awakening the Insects is one of the 24 solar terms in China. This solar term signals a rise in temperature. Insects sleeping in winter are awakened, and become singers of the nature.

二十四节气中的中国文化之惊蛰（中文版）

解说词

过了雨水节气，就是惊蛰。

惊蛰在大地回暖之际，昆虫睁开了眼睛、鼓起胸腔，张开了嘴巴，开始歌唱。民间谚语说：“惊蛰暖和和，蛤蟆唱山歌。”以蛙声为主调的田野交响乐有一个从弱到强的渐进过程，伴随着滚滚春雷与温润的春风，冬日单调乡村原野，已渐渐成为喧闹的声色世界。

惊蛰，是二十四节气中唯一以声音为标志的节气。惊蛰时节，南北空气对流加剧，气温回暖，春雷乍动；“震”，是雷的雅号，它为春天到来代言，也可以说是大地的钟声。八卦历法中，春天就在震位，“万物出乎震”，它是生命力量的源泉。“微雨众卉新，一雷惊蛰始”，春雨滋润大地，春阳光照人间，世界生机勃发。

伴随着自然生命力回归，蛰伏的昆虫包括对人与庄稼有害的越冬虫类，开始孵化、活跃，为了抑制害虫，种种虫害预防民俗也逐渐形成。浙江宁波人将惊蛰节称为“扫虫日”，农家拿着扫帚到田里举行扫虫仪式，要扫除祸害庄稼的害虫。客家人惊蛰炒豆子、米谷等，让大家分食，名为“炒虫”；北方地区民间传统也流行“炒虫”“吃虫”的民俗，认为这样就可以避免虫害。湖北土家族人有“射虫日”，惊蛰节前在田里画一弓箭，以射害虫；民间还有人在惊蛰雷鸣时，就赶忙把家里的席子、被褥、衣服拿到院中抖抖，借助雷的威力，除掉虫害。

惊蛰不仅惊醒了昆虫，迎来了黄鹂、鸠鸟，也催开了春花。春花秋月是自然的造化，更是人间的美景。在二十四番花信风中，惊蛰的三番花信是桃花、棠棣与蔷薇。其中桃花是最引人瞩目的花信，《诗经》国风中的“桃之夭夭，灼灼其华”，已传唱三千年。

惊蛰至，雷声起，桃花开。它好似是万物复苏的动员令，带着你去体会“一年之计在于春”的美妙。

二十四节气中的中国文化之惊蛰（英文版）

解说词

After Rain Water comes Awakening of Insects (also known as Jingzhe).

This solar term signals a rise in temperature. Insects sleeping in winter are awakened, and become singers of the nature. As the saying goes, “warm weather in Jingzhe, singing frogs in fields”. Along with the nurturing spring thunder and breezes, the animal chorus led by frogs is singing louder and louder, turning the monotonous winter wilderness into a world full of colors and sounds.

Awakening of Insects, is the only solar term which features sounds. One striking sound is that of the spring thunder. The thundering booms are like the bells of the earth, signaling the arrival of spring. In the Bagua diagram, the season of spring is in the east, corresponding with the area of Thunder, which denotes source of life and energy. Drizzling rain enables renewal of flora, Spring thunder signals beginning of Jingzhe. The spring rain and sunshine refresh and revitalize the whole world.

Meanwhile, dormant insects, including those that are harmful to people and crops, begin to hatch and grow. Accordingly, various pest prevention customs have been developed. In the city of Ningbo in east China’s Zhejiang province, this solar term is also called “Sweep Insects Day”, when farmers perform the ritual of using brooms to sweep away harmful insects. The Hakkas stir-fry beans and grains on this day, a custom named “stir-fry worms”. In Northern China, for pest control, people also have the tradition of “stir-fry or eat worms”. The Tujia people in central China’s Hubei province draw a bow and arrow in the field, symbolizing shooting pests. In addition, when hearing thunder booms on this day, some people will shake their bedding and clothes in the courtyard, using the power of thunder to get rid of pests.

This solar term, not only wakens the insects, but also brings singing birds and blooming flowers. Chinese believe that from January to April, the coming of each solar term is symbolized by three different flowers. For Awakening of Insects, the three flowers are that of the peach, the serviceberry and the rose, among which the peach blossom is the most celebrated flower. Tao Zhi Yao Yao, Zhuo Zhuo Qi Hua. After all, the peach blossom has been admired and depicted by the Chinese people in poetry for over three thousand years.

Awakening of Insects features spring thunder and peach blossom. During this solar term, everything on earth revives; and people start to enjoy their vigorous and vivid spring life.

内容转自：光明日报&中国传媒大学  作者：萧放

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