理论与方法专栏 | 神经语言学
编者按
《理论语言学五道口站》（2023年第13期，总第277期）理论与方法专栏为大家推荐挪威科技大学心理语言学教授Giosuè Baggio的著作：Neurolinguistics（《神经语言学》）。该书于2022年5月在MIT Press出版。
著作简介
Neurolinguistics
《神经语言学》
Abstract：
Neurolinguistics, the study of language in the brain, describes the anatomical structures (networks of neurons in the brain) and physiological processes (ways for these networks to be active) that allow humans to learn and use one or more languages. It draws on neuroscience, linguistics—particularly theoretical linguistics—and other disciplines. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Giosuè Baggio offers an accessible introduction to the fundamentals of neurolinguistics, covering language processing, language acquisition, literacy, and speech and language disorders.
Baggio first surveys the evolution of the field, describing discoveries by Paul Broca, Carl Wernicke, Noam Chomsky, and others. He discusses mapping language in “brain time” and “brain space” and the constraints of neurolinguistic models. Considering language acquisition, he explains that a child is never a “blank slate”: infants and young children are only able to acquire specific aspects of language in specific stages of cognitive development. He addresses the neural consequences of bilingualism; literacy, discussing how forms of visual language in the brain differ from forms of auditory language; aphasia and the need to understand language disorders in behavioral, functional, and neuroanatomical terms; neurogenetics of language; and the neuroethology of language, tracing the origins of the neural and behavioral building blocks of human linguistic communication to the evolution of avian, mammalian, and primate brains.
简介：
神经语言学作为研究大脑语言的学科，旨在描述人类赖以学习和使用一种或多种语言的大脑解剖结构（即神经元网络）和生理过程（即神经元网络的活动方式），集神经科学、语言学（尤其是理论语言学）及其他多门学科于一身。本书来自《MIT出版社基础知识》系列（the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series），书中Giosuè Baggio通俗易懂地介绍了神经语言学的基础知识，涵盖了语言加工、语言习得、读写能力和言语障碍等多个主题。
Baggio首先回顾了神经语言学领域的发展历程，讲述了Paul Broca、Carl Wernicke、Noam Chomsky等学者的发现，并探讨了“脑时间”和“脑空间”中的语言映射以及神经语言学模型的限制。从语言习得的角度考虑，作者认为儿童绝不是一张“白板”，因为婴幼儿只能在认知发展的特定阶段习得语言的特定方面。作者还对以下问题展开了讨论：双语对神经系统的影响；从视觉语言与听觉语言在大脑中的形式差异探究读写能力；失语症以及从行为、功能和神经解剖学的角度理解语言障碍的必要性；将人类语言交流的神经及行为组块溯源到鸟类、哺乳动物和灵长类动物大脑的演化以探究语言的神经遗传学。
-Giosuè Baggio-
Giosuè Baggio，挪威特隆赫姆挪威科技大学心理语言学教授，著有《大脑中的意义》（由MIT出版社出版）。他的研究兴趣包括：语言结构中意义和语法的平行性；从计算和神经层面探究语义语用加工和逻辑推理、验证；语义语用加工的演化和发展等。
Giosuè Baggio is Professor of Psycholinguistics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway, and the author of Meaning in the Brain (MIT Press). His research interests include parallelism between meaning and grammar in the architecture of language, computational and neural aspects of semantic and pragmatic processing/logical reasoning and verification, evolution and development of semantic and pragmatic processing, etc.
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编辑：丁子意 董泽扬
排版：丁子意 董泽扬
审校：时仲 田英慧
英文编审负责人：董泽扬